Comportamiento de los materiales de descarga

Falta palabras claveIntroducción Los podólogos disponen de diferentes técnicas para hacer frente a las hiperpresiones plantares; entre ellas, los soportes plantares. Disponen de multitud de materiales para la confección de sopor-tes plantares, cuyo fin, entre otros, es realizar un reparto homogéneo de las presiones que soporta el pie durante la marcha. Para disminuir la máxima presión en un punto de conflicto se utilizan mate-riales de distintas características. Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el comportamiento de los materiales utilizados en el ante-pié, con el fin de elegir los materiales que mejor se aecuen al objetivo de tratamiento requerido por el profesional. Metodología La muestra de materiales fue de un total de 23, valorando diferentes familias como EVA, PUR, látex, EVA corcho, etcétera. Mediante un ensayo de compresión se valoró su comportamiento en las condiciones normales de un pie en diferentes cadencias de la marcha. Se realizan tres tipos de ensayos diferentes: estática, dinámica y, por último, de desgaste. En el proceso de ensayos se fueron cribando aquellos materiales que no superaban los requerimientos me-cánicos oportunos. Resultados Según los resultados obtenidos, los materiales estudiados siguen un comportamiento semejante a la grasa plantar; es decir, que a diferencia de lo que suponen muchos autores, siguen un compor-tamiento viscoelástico. Además, se clarifican conceptos fundamentales referentes a la capacidad de amortiguación y de reparto de presiones de los diferentes materiales en los impactos producidos por el pie contra el suelo

Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes asistidos en el servicio de Pie de Riesgo del Área Clínica de Podología de la Universidad de Sevilla

El Área Clínica de Podología de la Universidad de Sevilla cuenta entre sus servicios con la Unidad de Pie de Riesgo. Donde se presta atención podológica integral a pacientes con lesiones podológicas o riesgo de padecerlas por enfermedades sistémicas que comprometen especialmente las funciones neurológicas y vasculares del pie, en especial la Diabetes. En el año 2012 se atendieron en este servicio un total de 117 pacientes. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo de los principales datos registrados en las Historias clínicas de estos pacientes. Hay muchas variables que no están registradas en las Historias clínicas. Se propone la utilización de un registro especíi co para este servicio para intentar mejorar el grado de implementación de la Historia clínica.The Podiatry Clinic at the University of Seville among its services with risk foot unit. Where comprehensive podiatric care is provided to patients with podiatric injury or risk of suffering from systemic diseases especially involving neurological and vascular functions of the foot, especially diabetes. In 2012 this service was attended by a total of 117 patients. We performed a descriptive longitudinal retrospective study of the main data recorded in the medical records of these patients. There are many variables that are not recorded in medical records. We propose the use of a specii c register for this service to try to improve the level of implementation of the clinical history

Analysis of attitudes towards multiculturalism in a sample of Spanish teacher training students

La multiculturalidad es un hecho que tiene su impacto en el sistema educativo y demanda atender a la formación del profesorado para educar en la diversidad. Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo apoyado en un único método de recogida de datos con carácter de escala ordinal tipo Likert, basado en un diseño no experimental, exploratorio, longitudinal y descriptivo. Para obtener la información se aplicó un cuestionario (Escala de Actitudes hacia el Hecho Multicultural) con un Alpha de Cronbach de 0,8 a una muestra de 1.170 estudiantes de magisterio. Aunque aparecen actitudes positivas hacia el hecho multicultural, se constata la necesidad de trabajar, desde las Facultades de Educación, la educación multicultural, que facilite a los futuros maestros la incorporación, en su actividad diaria, de una respuesta acorde con el hecho multicultural de nuestro paísMulticulturalism is a fact that has its impact on the educational system and demands attention to the training of teachers to educate in diversity. Research with a quantitative approach was developed based on a single data collection method with an ordinal Likert scale character, based on a non-experimental, exploratory, longitudinal, and descriptive design. To obtain the information of applied a questionnaire (Scale of Attitudes towards the Multicultural Fact) with an Alpha of Cronbach of 0.8 to a sample of 1,170 students of teaching. Although positive attitudes towards the multicultural fact appear, it is verified the necessity to work, from the Faculties of Education, the multicultural education, that facilitates to the future teachers the incorporation, in its daily activity, of an agreed answer with the multicultural fact of our countr

Biomechanical Impact Derived From an Osteoma in the Proximal Third of the Femur: Report of a Case

Introducción: El osteoma osteoide es un tumor óseo benigno, que no tiene potencial de crecimiento por lo que su tamaño no supera 1,5 cm pese a que la esclerosis que lo rodea le da un aspecto mayor. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a los varones jóvenes, y la mayoría de las veces aparece en las tres primeras décadas de la vida. Objetivos: Mostrar las repercusiones biomecánicas derivadas de un osteoma osteoide en el trayecto de la cintilla iliotibial y sus influencias por cadenas musculares descendentes sobre el miembro inferior. Presentación del caso: Se presenta una paciente de 24 años que acude a la consulta por presentar dolor a nivel de la cara externa del fémur derecho desde hace dos años; que se agudiza fundamentalmente con la marcha. Tras realizar las pertinentes exploraciones y pruebas diagnósticas por imagen, no se observan hallazgos clínicos significativos, por tanto se pauta tratamiento antiinflamatorio por vía oral y se efectúa estudio biomecánico y postural en el cual se detecta pie valgos bilaterales, inestables, con mayor relevancia en el pie derecho. La paciente acude nuevamente al no encontrar mejoría, se realiza telemetría del miembro inferior y resonancia magnética del fémur derecho. La imagen para diagnóstico da como resultado la presencia de una masa compatible con un osteoma osteoide de 11 x 4 mm en el tercio proximal lateral del fémur derecho. Conclusiones: Una lesión neoplásica que afecte al trayecto de un grupo muscular con repercusión biomecánica puede realizar compensaciones a diferentes niveles, por tanto, es necesaria la actuación de un equipo multidisciplinario para restablecer la marcha. Las sinergias entre el tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico provocan un mayor porcentaje de éxito.Introduction: Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor, which has no growth potential, consequently its size does not exceed 1.5 cm despite the fact that the surrounding sclerosis gives it a larger appearance. It most often affects young men, most often appearing in the first three decades of life. Objectives: To show the biomechanical repercussions derived from an osteoid osteoma in the trajectory of the iliotibial band and its influences by descending muscle chains on the lower limb. Case report: We report a 24-year-old female patient who came to the consultation due to pain on the external face of her right femur for two years. This pain worsened mainly by walking. After carrying out the pertinent explorations and diagnostic imaging tests, no significant clinical findings were observed, therefore, oral anti-inflammatory treatment was prescribed and biomechanical and postural study was carried out, which showed bilateral, unstable valgus foot, with higher relevance on the right foot. The patient came again when she had no improvement, telemetry of her lower limb and magnetic resonance imaging of her right femur were performed. The diagnostic image revealed the presence of a mass compatible with an 11 x 4 mm osteoid osteoma in the proximal lateral third of her right femur. Conclusions: A neoplastic lesion that affects the trajectory of a muscle group with biomechanical repercussions can carry out compensations at different levels, therefore, the action of a multidisciplinary team is necessary to restore gait. Synergies between conservative and surgical treatment lead to a higher success rate

Evaluation of gait parameters on subjects with hallux limitus using an optogait sensor system: a case–control study

Background and Objetives: The foot is a part of the body’s kinetic chain and needs to be efficient during the entire gait cycle. Electronic Sensor Gait analysis is useful and an important tool within the area of podiatry to assess the physical state of patients that helps the comprehensive intervention in situations where the daily activity is limited. The aim of this research is to evaluate if the presence of a hallux limitus (HL) can alter gait space–time parameters and consequently can affect the take-off phase of the gait and the limitation of the range of motion (ROM) of the hallux. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was designed to verify whether there are alterations in the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait cycle between subjects with structural HL compared to the group of subjects with a normal hallux range. A total of n = 138 participants, cases (68 HL subjects) and healthy controls (70 subjects) were studied using an OptoGait LED sensor system to identify gait imbalances using OptoGait photocell gait analysis sensors. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to stride length, gait cycle duration in seconds (for both feet) and for total stride and load response (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The limitation of the Hallux ROM may alter the normal gait patterns measured with an Optogait system. The early identification and treatment of gait disturbances due to HL are important to achieve normal gait physical activity to maintain a healthy lifestyle

Influence of Personality Traits and Its Interaction with the Phenomenon of Bullying: Multi-Centre Descriptive Study

Bullying affects thousands of teenagers worldwide and has devastating consequences. Various studies suggest that the personality of teenagers is a risk profile for bullying. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the personality of teenagers aged 14 to 16 years from three education centres located in the province of Seville (Spain) and bullying in any of its victim or aggressor roles. A multi-centre cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted in three education centres in the province of Seville (Spain). The sample consisted of 93 students. In order to measure the two main variables, the Bull-S test was used for bullying, and the EPQ-J questionnaire was used for personality traits. A descriptive and correlation analysis was performed between variables. The results showed that 14% (n = 13) of the sample were detected as victims and another 14% (n = 13) were detected as aggressors. Statistically significant differences were found between neuroticism (p = 0.044; Phi = 0.615), sincerity (p = 0.016; V de Cramer = 0.474), and anti-social behaviour (p = 0.007; Phi = 0.620) with the variables victim/aggressor. Bullies are typically males who score high on neuroticism and anti-social behaviour, with a tendency towards social dissimulation

Influence of dental malocclusion on body posture and foot posture in children: a cross-sectional study

The number of studies that investigate the correlations between the temporomandibular system and body posture, postural control, or the distribution of plantar pressure has recently been increasing. However, most of the existing information is not conclusive. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate if the features of dental malocclusion are correlated with body posture alterations at the lower limb level. This is a multicentre cross-sectional study with 289 children (8–14 years). Angle’s molar relation was analysed at the dental level. The postural control and the plantar pressure distribution were recorded via a force platform. Correlation and inferential analysis between the Angle class and the foot’s biomechanics were tested. The centre of gravity is anteriorised in Angle’s Class II in both the molar class (p ≤ 0.001) and the canine class (p ≤ 0.001). Likewise, a relationship was observed between the contact surface and Angle’s classes, being higher in class III than in II (p ≤ 0.001). The plantigrade phase is shortened in Angle’s Class III. A relationship was found between Angle’s Class II and a forward movement of the centre of gravity. No relationship was found between the Foot Posture Index and the truncated scaphoid height and the dental classification. An evident relationship between the gait typology and dental malocclusion was not found

European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management: Effectiveness of First and Second-Line Treatment in Spain

The management of Helicobacter pylori infection has to rely on previous local effectiveness due to the geographical variability of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of first and second-line H. pylori treatment in Spain, where the empirical prescription is recommended. A multicentre prospective non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists concerning H. pylori infection (Hp-EuReg) was developed, including patients from 2013 until June 2019. Effectiveness was evaluated descriptively and through a multivariate analysis concerning age, gender, presence of ulcer, proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) dose, therapy duration and compliance. Overall, 53 Spanish hospitals were included, and 10,267 patients received a first-line therapy. The best results were obtained with the 10-day bismuth single-capsule therapy (95% cure rate by intention-to-treat) and with both the 14-day bismuth-clarithromycin quadruple (PPI-bismuth-clarithromycin-amoxicillin, 91%) and the 14-day non-bismuth quadruple concomitant (PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin-metronidazole, 92%) therapies. Second-line therapies were prescribed to 2448 patients, with most-effective therapies being the triple quinolone (PPI-amoxicillin-levofloxacin/moxifloxacin) and the bismuth-levofloxacin quadruple schemes (PPI-bismuth-levofloxacin-amoxicillin) prescribed for 14 days (92%, 89% and 90% effectiveness, respectively), and the bismuth single-capsule (10 days, 88.5%). Compliance, longer duration and higher acid inhibition were associated with higher effectiveness. “Optimized” H. pylori therapies achieve over 90% success in Spain

Probiotics as a Coadjuvant Factor in Active or Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Adults—A Meta-Analytical Study

(1) Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are pathologies of unknown etiology and auto-immune pathogenia. The use of probiotics is studied in order to increase the arsenal of treatments. The aim was to assess the efficacy of the probiotics in these diseases in the active or quiescent phases; (2) Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed by an exhaustive bibliographic search in Medline, Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were studies of more than 10 years, English/Spanish, clinical trials, and involving human beings. Relative risk was used to compare efficacy, which was meta-analyzed using a fixed effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the Higgins I2 test; (3) Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis, with a total of 1537 patients (nexperimental group = 762; nplacebo group = 775). There are significant remission differences in ulcerative colitis (relative risk (RR) = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.72–0.91; I2 = 32%; p = 0.16). However, no significant differences were found in the use of probiotics for the prevention of ulcerative colitis, and for the remission of Crohn’s disease; (4) Conclusions: There are data showing an additional beneficial effect of probiotics on active ulcerative colitis. More and better studies are needed which assess its possible therapeutic efficacy for quiescent ulcerative colitis and for Crohn’s disease

Nursing Students’ Perception on the Effectiveness of Emergency Competence Learning through Simulation

Background: Simulation is a part of the day-to-day of the learning method in health sciences. The objective is to determine if the clinical simulation is useful for learning in the emergency setting, from the point of view of the nursing students. (2) Methods: A pre- and post-test exploratory study with an analytical and quasi-experimental design was used. The population is made up of nursing students from the Seville Red Cross Nursing Centre, who conducted a simulation exercise in the form of a drill for the care of multiple victims. A specific questionnaire was employed as a tool to analyse the dimensions of satisfaction, confidence and motivation, clinical experience, and decision making and technical abilities. (3) Results: There were favourable significant differences in the set of global responses, with p < 0.0001 for the “satisfaction” dimension and d = 1.25 for the “large” size of the effect, and p < 0.0069 for the “confidence and motivation” dimension and d = 0.58 for the “moderate–large” size of the effect. (4) Conclusions: The results are similar to those obtained in other studies in the scope of the 4 dimensions studied, thus coming to the conclusion that the perception of the nursing students on learning through clinical simulation is positive and favourable